Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C).
Peel the kohlrabi using a vegetable peeler or a sharp knife.
Using a mandoline or a very sharp knife, slice the kohlrabi into thin, even rounds, about 1/8 inch thick. Even slices ensure the kohlrabi cooks evenly.
Optional: Toss the sliced kohlrabi with 1 tbsp olive oil, salt, and pepper. Spread in a single layer on a baking sheet and roast for 15-20 minutes, or until slightly softened. If you skip the roasting, you might need to parboil the kohlrabi for 5 minutes to soften them.
Melt the butter in a large saucepan over medium heat.
Add the chopped onion to the melted butter and cook until softened and translucent, about 5 minutes.
Add the minced garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant.
Whisk in the flour and cook for 1-2 minutes, stirring constantly. This creates a roux, which will thicken the sauce.
Gradually whisk in the milk, a little at a time, making sure to incorporate each addition fully before adding more. This prevents lumps from forming.
Bring the sauce to a simmer over medium heat, stirring constantly. Continue to simmer for 5-7 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened enough to coat the back of a spoon.
Remove the saucepan from the heat and stir in the salt, pepper, and nutmeg. Taste and adjust seasonings as needed.
Stir in 3/4 cup of the Gruyere (or Gruyere/Parmesan blend) and the cheddar cheese until melted and smooth. Reserve the remaining 1/4 cup of Gruyere for topping.
In a 9x13 inch baking dish, layer half of the kohlrabi slices (roasted or parboiled) evenly across the bottom.
Pour half of the cheese sauce over the kohlrabi. Spread the sauce evenly to ensure every slice is coated.
Add the remaining kohlrabi slices in an even layer, followed by the remaining cheese sauce.
Sprinkle the remaining 1/4 cup of Gruyere cheese evenly over the top of the gratin. If using, sprinkle breadcrumbs over the cheese for a crispy topping.
Bake in the preheated oven for 25-30 minutes, or until the top is golden brown and bubbly. The cheese should be melted and slightly browned.
Remove the gratin from the oven and let it rest for 10-15 minutes before serving. This allows the sauce to thicken slightly and makes it easier to slice.
Serve the Baked Kohlrabi Gratin warm as a side dish or as a light vegetarian main course.